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Frost dates by city
The average last frost of spring and first frost of autumn are the two dates every planting calendar hangs on. US and Canadian dates come from national weather-service station records; the rest are estimates from 30 years of temperature data, accurate to about a week. Click a heading to sort.
| City | Last spring frost | First autumn frost | Frost-free days | Zone | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York New York | Mar 30 | Nov 20 | 234 | 7b | NOAA |
| Boston Massachusetts | Apr 4 | Nov 9 | 218 | 7a | NOAA |
| Philadelphia Pennsylvania | Apr 2 | Nov 10 | 221 | 7b | NOAA |
| Pittsburgh Pennsylvania | Apr 18 | Oct 28 | 192 | 7a | NOAA |
| Buffalo New York | Apr 24 | Oct 26 | 184 | 6b | NOAA |
| Burlington Vermont | Apr 29 | Oct 15 | 168 | 5a | NOAA |
| Portland Maine | Apr 26 | Oct 15 | 171 | 6a | NOAA |
| Baltimore Maryland | Mar 24 | Nov 21 | 241 | 8a | NOAA |
| Washington District of Columbia | Mar 24 | Nov 18 | 238 | 8a | NOAA |
| Chicago Illinois | Apr 11 | Oct 31 | 202 | 6a | NOAA |
| Detroit Michigan | Apr 21 | Oct 31 | 192 | 6b | NOAA |
| Cleveland Ohio | Apr 8 | Nov 12 | 217 | 7a | NOAA |
| Columbus Ohio | Apr 18 | Oct 27 | 191 | 6b | NOAA |
| Cincinnati Ohio | Apr 16 | Oct 25 | 191 | 7a | NOAA |
| Indianapolis Indiana | Apr 15 | Oct 26 | 193 | 6b | NOAA |
| Milwaukee Wisconsin | Apr 19 | Oct 29 | 192 | 6a | NOAA |
| Madison Wisconsin | May 1 | Oct 10 | 161 | 5b | NOAA |
| Minneapolis Minnesota | Apr 23 | Oct 18 | 177 | 5a | NOAA |
| Des Moines Iowa | Apr 18 | Oct 20 | 184 | 5b | NOAA |
| St. Louis Missouri | Apr 8 | Oct 26 | 200 | 7a | NOAA |
| Kansas City Missouri | Apr 4 | Nov 2 | 211 | 6b | NOAA |
| Omaha Nebraska | Apr 18 | Oct 21 | 185 | 5b | NOAA |
| Fargo North Dakota | May 10 | Sep 30 | 142 | 4b | NOAA |
| Atlanta Georgia | Mar 24 | Nov 8 | 228 | 8b | NOAA |
| Charlotte North Carolina | Mar 30 | Nov 3 | 217 | 8a | NOAA |
| Raleigh North Carolina | Mar 31 | Nov 4 | 217 | 8a | NOAA |
| Richmond Virginia | Apr 3 | Nov 4 | 214 | 7b | NOAA |
| Nashville Tennessee | Mar 31 | Nov 3 | 216 | 7b | NOAA |
| Memphis Tennessee | Mar 16 | Nov 16 | 244 | 8a | NOAA |
| Louisville Kentucky | Apr 3 | Nov 3 | 213 | 7b | NOAA |
| Birmingham Alabama | Mar 21 | Nov 11 | 234 | 8a | NOAA |
| Charleston South Carolina | Feb 4 | Dec 30 | 328 | 9b | NOAA |
| Little Rock Arkansas | Mar 21 | Nov 10 | 233 | 8a | NOAA |
| New Orleans Louisiana | Some winters | – | 365 | 9b | NOAA |
| Jacksonville Florida | Some winters | – | 365 | 9b | NOAA |
| Orlando Florida | Some winters | – | 365 | 10a | NOAA |
| Tampa Florida | Some winters | – | 365 | 10a | NOAA |
| Miami Florida | Rare | – | 365 | 11a | NOAA |
| Houston Texas | Jan 30 | Dec 28 | 331 | 9b | NOAA |
| Dallas Texas | Mar 2 | Nov 29 | 271 | 8b | NOAA |
| Austin Texas | Feb 20 | Dec 3 | 285 | 9a | NOAA |
| San Antonio Texas | Feb 20 | Dec 3 | 285 | 9a | NOAA |
| Oklahoma City Oklahoma | Apr 4 | Nov 2 | 211 | 7b | NOAA |
| Tulsa Oklahoma | Mar 31 | Nov 4 | 217 | 7b | NOAA |
| Denver Colorado | May 4 | Oct 8 | 156 | 6a | NOAA |
| Salt Lake City Utah | Apr 8 | Oct 31 | 205 | 7a | NOAA |
| Boise Idaho | Apr 24 | Oct 21 | 179 | 7b | NOAA |
| Billings Montana | May 4 | Oct 7 | 155 | 5a | NOAA |
| Albuquerque New Mexico | Apr 6 | Nov 3 | 210 | 8a | NOAA |
| El Paso Texas | Mar 2 | Nov 20 | 262 | 8b | NOAA |
| Phoenix Arizona | Some winters | – | 365 | 10a | NOAA |
| Tucson Arizona | Feb 5 | Dec 9 | 306 | 9b | NOAA |
| Las Vegas Nevada | Jan 24 | Dec 10 | 319 | 9b | NOAA |
| Los Angeles California | Rare | – | 365 | 10b | NOAA |
| San Diego California | Rare | – | 365 | 11a | NOAA |
| San Francisco California | Rare | – | 365 | 10b | NOAA |
| San Jose California | Some winters | – | 365 | 10a | NOAA |
| Sacramento California | Some winters | – | 365 | 10a | NOAA |
| Fresno California | Jan 14 | Dec 14 | 333 | 9b | NOAA |
| Portland Oregon | Mar 13 | Nov 19 | 250 | 9a | NOAA |
| Seattle Washington | Mar 13 | Nov 17 | 248 | 9a | NOAA |
| Spokane Washington | Apr 26 | Oct 15 | 171 | 7a | NOAA |
| Anchorage Alaska | May 1 | Sep 29 | 150 | 5b | NOAA |
| Honolulu Hawaii | Rare | – | 365 | 12b | NOAA |
| London England | Apr 4 | Nov 21 | 230 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Birmingham England | Apr 19 | Nov 10 | 204 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Manchester England | Apr 5 | Nov 16 | 224 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Bristol England | Apr 6 | Nov 22 | 229 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Cardiff Wales | Apr 4 | Nov 25 | 234 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Edinburgh Scotland | Apr 27 | Oct 31 | 186 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Glasgow Scotland | Apr 20 | Nov 3 | 196 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Belfast Northern Ireland | Apr 14 | Nov 7 | 206 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Dublin Ireland | Apr 13 | Nov 10 | 210 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Toronto Ontario | May 4 | Oct 9 | 157 | 6b* | ECCC |
| Montreal Quebec | Apr 29 | Oct 9 | 162 | 5a* | ECCC |
| Ottawa Ontario | May 7 | Oct 2 | 147 | 4b* | ECCC |
| Vancouver British Columbia | Mar 27 | Nov 5 | 222 | 9a* | ECCC |
| Calgary Alberta | May 26 | Sep 10 | 106 | 5b* | ECCC |
| Edmonton Alberta | May 10 | Sep 19 | 131 | 4b* | ECCC |
| Winnipeg Manitoba | May 24 | Sep 22 | 120 | 3b* | ECCC |
| Halifax Nova Scotia | May 9 | Oct 17 | 160 | 6a* | ECCC |
| Sydney New South Wales | Rare | – | 365 | 10a* | Estimate |
| Melbourne Victoria | Rare | – | 365 | 10a* | Estimate |
| Brisbane Queensland | Rare | – | 365 | 10a* | Estimate |
| Perth Western Australia | Rare | – | 365 | 10b* | Estimate |
| Adelaide South Australia | Rare | – | 365 | 10a* | Estimate |
| Canberra Australian Capital Territory | Sep 25 | May 3 | 219 | 9a* | Estimate |
| Hobart Tasmania | Aug 25 | Jun 7 | 285 | 9b* | Estimate |
| Auckland New Zealand | Rare | – | 365 | 10a* | Estimate |
* Estimated zone. Southern-hemisphere dates: the last frost is in spring (August–November), the first in autumn (March–June). Station sources: NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Method and error.